Comparative Analysis of Public Policy and Governance in Addressing Economic Inequality

Abstract

This paper analyzes how the role of public policy and governance in the redistribution of economic inequality in developed and developing countries compares. The study assesses the effects of the quality of governance, welfare policies, institutional transparency, and accessibility to public services on socio-economic inequalities and inclusive development. The research design is a comparative qualitative research design that is based on secondary data gathered in the form of government reports, international databases, policy documents, and academic literature. The data were analyzed using thematic comparative analysis to analyze governance structures, welfare policies, and results related to inequality. The results have shown that those nations with good governance structures, open institutions, and access to inclusive welfare policies exhibit a lower level of economic inequality and greater accessibility to public services. Good healthcare, education, labor protection, and social welfare policies played a major role in promoting social equity and poverty alleviation. On the other hand, poor governance, corruption, inefficiency in administration, and unequal resource allocation were linked with increased socio-economic disparities and inequality in resource allocation. This research concludes that the quality of governance and public policy are tightly interrelated in alleviating economic inequality and ensuring sustainable development. To enhance and attain a high level of social inclusion and fair economic development in varied socio-economic settings, strengthening institutional accountability, enhancing policy implementation, and expanding welfare-oriented public services are necessary.