Understanding the Individual Motivations and Barriers of Malaysian Mutawwif

Abstract

Lately, the number of Umrah travelers increasing thus the demand of Mutawwif is also increasing.
Similarly to other tour leaders, Mutawwif also have to work and at the same time carries other
responsibilities. This study aims to explore the motivation and barriers among the Mutawwif. By mapping
on Herzberg Two Factors Theory and qualitative research approach, these factors are identified
accordingly. By understanding on the institutional motivation and the barriers faced by the religious tour
operators may enhance the management of religious tour industry in Malaysia. Finding of the study
revealed that there are several themes under both intrinsic and extrinsic factors which all the factors are
discussed accordingly. Then, the paper also discusses the barriers faced by the Mutawwif. Finally, the
study discusses managerial implication and research limitation, and proposes suggestions for future
studies.