Assessing the Acceptability of Solar-Powered Elder-Friendly Devices Under Green ICT for Rural Elderly Populations in Kerala

Abstract

 Rural elderly populations in electricity-constrained areas of Kerala often face challenges in accessing digital communication and services due to unreliable grid power and limited digital literacy. Green ICT use is, therefore, one important element in promoting ICT accessibility, and at the same time, it is environmentally sustainable by decreasing grid electricity use in rural communities in many parts of the world. The solution has thus combined the two aspects of ICT development (digital inclusion and the environment) through the deployment of green ICT-based solutions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 150 participants aged 65–76 years from three districts (Palakkad, Wayanad, and Kasaragod) characterized by varying degrees of electricity access. Respondents rated the device on key constructs, including perceived usefulness, ease of use, subjective norms, preference for green/solar solutions, and objective electricity availability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.85 for all scales), and hierarchical multiple regression. Results showed exceptionally high behavioural intention to use the device (M = 4.82/5.00; 98% agreement), with all constructs scoring means above 4.58/5.00. The hierarchical regression model explained 71% of the variance in behavioural intention (adjusted R² = 0.69). Significant unique predictors included preference for green/solar devices (β = 0.41), perceived usefulness for family contact and service access (β = 0.34), perceived ease of use through large fonts and Malayalam voice interface (β = 0.27), subjective norm (β = 0.24), and objective electricity shortage (β = −0.28). Behavioural intention was particularly elevated among respondents with ≤6 hours of daily electricity and those from Kasaragod district. These findings highlight strong potential for solar-powered, voice-enabled ICT solutions to enhance digital inclusion and resilience for rural elderly in Kerala, especially in areas with chronic power shortages. Design priorities should emphasize green technology appeal, local-language interfaces, family connectivity, and ease of use to maximize adoption in resource-constrained ageing populations.